Here is a book review I wrote for my blog (
http://feteexpectations.wordpress.com/). I thought some of the people here might be interested.
Republican Gomorrah (
http://www.republicangomorrah.com/), a new book by Max Blumenthal, examines the Christian Right's growth, its domination of the Republican Party, and the scandals of its prominent figures. Every group has its scandals, but what is intriguing about the Christian Right is that its scandals tend to involve exactly those behaviors that it most stridently denounces. Again, no party or philosophy has a monopoly on hypocrisy, but Blumenthal shows how core ideas are responsible for both the Christian Right's success and its problems.
Blumenthal bases his analysis on the work of Erich Fromm, a psychoanalyst who left Germany after the Nazis came to power. In Escape From Freedom, Fromm wrote that having freedom is not always pleasant. Sometimes it can be a burden because you have to make your own decisions and you are responsible for the outcomes. Many people gladly give up their freedom by submitting themselves to obey without question a trusted authority figure. In the political realm, this can lead to a mass movement such as the Nazis created.
Christian theology has similar dynamics with respect to freedom. On the one hand, free will means you are responsible for your sins and will be punished for them - with hellfire according to the more conservative sects. However, there is an out. If you accept Jesus as your Saviour, all your sins are forgiven.
A modern twist involves the industry that offers therapy/treatment for personal crisis. People make mistakes in their personal lives or simply don't know how to handle certain things. So they turn to the therapy industry to tell them what to do about problems such as addiction, abuse, and infidelity. There is a promise that parallels the promises of political authoritarianism and religious salvation: obey the therapist and all your problems will be solved.
The Christian Right has put together all these modes of escaping from freedom into a single movement. A pioneer and the most successful practitioner has been James Dobson, a child psychiatrist who founded Focus on the Family. His newsletter gives advice about how to deal with problems in the family. His organization now gets so many requests for help that it has its own zip code. All these people mailing or calling in for help get put into a database, which is used to send out calls to political action. Dobson and similar figures function as what Fromm calls "the magic helper," who then exploits this dependent relationship to further both a political movement and their own finances.
Unfortunately, many personal problems cannot be prayed away or otherwise cured with a simple fix. These people become involved in the movement, which distracts them momentarily from their personal problems. However, problems such as addiction are still there and not being effectively addressed. This is especially true for gay Evangelicals, who believe that homosexuality is a sin, a personal choice ("lifestyle"), that can be cured by prayer and spiritual counseling. So gays, alcoholics, drug addicts, gamblers, and others lead double lives - preaching against the actions by day and overdosing on them by night. (I bet a similar analysis would apply well to the problems the Catholic Church has had with deviant priests.)
Viewed in this light, all the scandals involving Christian Right leaders - and the list is huge! - make sense. It also makes sense how the followers tend to forgive these lapses, and often the leaders are able to resume their leadership roles after a period of public repentance. Instead of seeing virtue as something that can be attained and maintained, it is a constant struggle, a war against Satan, and they expect (and have personally experienced) many setbacks. As long as the disgraced leader frames his personal failure in terms of a cosmic religious war, he is treated as a good soldier who suffered a wound in battle.
Although "faith-based" and "reality-based" approaches were coined in other domains, the terms also make sense in the area of personal problems. Most personal problems can't be solved in a single moment of insight; they have to be managed and moderated over years, maybe a whole lifetime. (And in the case of homosexuality, it isn't a problem in itself; the problem is the self-loathing and denial caused by the hateful position of the Christian Right.) Instead of a slow and steady course of treatment, the Christian Right has institutionalized an approach that almost guarantees a roller coaster ride, from euphoric highs of participating in a mass movement to self-loathing lows of indulgence.