It has mostly to do with luck. There are thousands of "new", "emerging", "rising" artists every day and the simple truth is very few will be recognized. The audience for music, pop music especially, is so diverse that there isn't a set of rules that determine if an artist will be successful than another. The fact that Dark Horse, The Monster, and Royals were all recently the #1 on the Billboard 100 (3 very different types of songs) exemplifies this. Plus, artists must also consider other factors such as image, stage presence, location, reach, etc. Anyone can write a catchy pop song but all it really comes down to is getting lucky and hoping that someone thinks you have potential and gives you chance.