A brave soul should try cathegorizing the truths. ^^
So Howard and Bill couldn't kill Charlie, neither Alicia or the detective. This means only Lucy or an unmentioned character could have killed him.
For this, the culprit must have entered the closed room of Charlie and she also left somehow while having everything closed behind him/her. Magic is no option. However, the masterkey was already in play, plus the room where Charlie was had an extra key we don't know anything about.
Where could Lucy come into the locked room? Howard did not unlock the door, Lucy never used the masterkey and there were no doors or windows removed, broken or taken apart. Charlie wouldn't unlock the door for Lucy, but he would open the door for Howard or maybe an unknown character too. There were no secret passages either and the murderer stepped into the room before he/she killed Charlie.
What is a room made of? 4 Walls, doors, windows, ceiling and floor. The ceiling and floor counts as walls now. I assume there are no ways to pass through a wall, unless I'm mistaken, so only the door(s) and windows are left as option.
Now everytime I say Charlie's room, I refer to the room where Charlie was, because it's easier.
An unknown person unlocked the door/window to Charlie's room using the masterkey - unless Charlie was dumb enough to throw his room keys out the window and Lucy/unknown person just unlocked his door/window with that - OR Charlie unlocked the door for an unknown person and then that person/Lucy entered the room and killed Charlie.
On the leave, either the unknown person locked the door with the masterkey or Lucy locked the door with the other roomkey.