I claimed that to get people to target me. I actually got Voodoo Doll from mutating myself with Fallen Elf. Using VD, I can know what I am targeted with. The fact that I was only targeted with the Guardian Angel ability means it is very unlikely that mafia has an ability that can kill or prevent anyone from using their ability. Anyone with a role that can do that is less likely to be mafia.
We can also assume that only one of each role was given out this game. 12 players, 12 different roles. So we can know pretty easily who would lie about their roles, as there should be no duplicates. Only people that would lie are the real vulture, the GA, and maybe mafia. If we don't hear back from the vulture next round, we can assume that the vulture is mafia.
That being said, if we wait until next round and everyone claims, any duplicate claims will mean we have a 50% chance of one of those people being mafia. But with only 1 lynch left before we lose (unless Kuro is a civ and comes back to life), that means we have a 50% to lose or continue the game. So claiming now and seeing our duplicates is probably better if we want to win.